HRC, I can say that synchronizing the File Manager does work properly on 2.2, having done it last night bringing up a site.
That you are showing all these curly brackets and substitutors indicates you’re missing what is supposed to be evaluating them. Often this would be Javascript coming from the CP’s themes.
I am thinking that maybe your themes are out of date. Did you remember to replace the earlier home/themes directory with the new full folder included in 2.2?
As per instructions, you would then also merge back in any third_party or other folder extra themes you have from add-ons etc..
I would try a fresh set anyway, as sometimes FTP fails if you ask it to over-write. First, rename the current themes folder to themes.old, so it’s available but out of the way.
Hoping that may help, or a full EE files replacement in a similar rename and full upload manner. Or, it will be something else. Support will continue with you in that case.
Regards,
Clive