embeded content doesn’t take variables from the parent document. Think of it processing the information independently and then sending it back fully parsed to the parent document. As such if you need certain information from the parent document to be available to the embeded template you pass it in a variable when you embed it. It doesn’t have to be the weblog, it can be anything really.
For example within an exp:weblog:entries set of tags you could use
{exp:weblog:entries weblog="my_weblog" require_entry="yes"}
{embed="includes/related" passed_author="{author}"}
{other tags}
{/exp:weblog:entries}
Which would pass the author of the page which you could use in your embeded template which may use a completely different exp:weblog:entries call not related to the current page.
For example
<h2>Other Articles by {embed:passed_author}</h2>
<p>{exp:weblog:entries weblog="a_different_weblog" dynamic="off"}<br />
{if {embed:passed_author}=={author}}<br />
enter code to link etc.<br />
{/if}<br />
{/exp:weblog:entries}
Yes there are other ways to do that example it was just the first idea off the top of my head.
Hope that helps some.