I personally think your easiest way to do this would be to use something like the Session Variables Plugin. You said above that you will be doing this sort of thing :
1 - Visiting a category page.
2 - Clicking on an entry on that page and
3 - Viewing that entry.
If that’s the way you are doing it then using the Session Variables Plugin then you will be able to modify that process ever so slightly to do this instead :
1 - Visit category page.
2 - Write the name of the current category to a session variable using the plugin.
3 - Click on entry on that page.
4 - View single entry page and spit out the currently saved session variable.
Hope that helps a bit.
Best wishes,
Mark