Ok - for those interested, we found a solution that may work for the rest of you as well. See the steps below, which were done on a CentOS 6.5 server running Apache 2.4.x. If your Linux distribution is different, you may need some tweaks. Welcome feedback.
Steps to Securing the EE Control Panel with HTTPS/SSL
Step 1 - Obtain and install an SSL certificate
If you don’t already have an SSL certificate from a Trusted Certificate Authority, you need to get one. If you prefer to use a self-signed certificate, you can create one on your host using the instructions found here: http://wiki.centos.org/HowTos/Https, which conveniently includes installations instructions as well. Again, adjust accordingly for your Linux distro.
Step 2 - Modify Apache to enable HTTP to HTTPS redirects
These instructions will essentially “force” visitors browsing to your ../admin.php page to use HTTPS/SSL. While you are working in the Control Panel, all your subsequent traffic will be protected as well. Note that if you have renamed your ../admin.php page, adjust the code below to reflect that:
#vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Add the following lines:
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
RewriteRule /(admin.php) https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI} [R]
Save the changes and exit vim. Restart the web server:
Step 3 - Configure the EE Control Panel to work properly with HTTPS
In our humble opinion, these steps should be completed with a checkbox somewhere in the EE server administration interface, but for now manual intervention is needed. (That was a hint for EE developers.) These steps are also documented in another thread here: http://ellislab.com/forums/viewthread/232869/.
#vim /var/www/system/expressionengine/config/config.php
Edit the cp_url parameter so that is uses HTTPS:
$config['cp_url'] = 'https://site.com/admin.php';
Edit the theme_folder_url so that it only specifies the correct subfolder. Often times theme_folder_url is hard coded to something like ‘http://site.com/themes/’ which will interfere with your ability to run the Control Panel completely under HTTPS/SSL:
$config['theme_folder_url'] = '/themes/';
Save the changes and exit vim. You should now be able to enter the URL for your ../admin.php page and have it redirected to HTTPS/SSL.
Cheers.