It’s definitely doable- ‘how’ may vary. EE’s search can’t be limited to a specific weblog field- but you can have multiple category groups and entries can be assigned to multiple categories. So as long as your criteria can fit into a category structure? It’s very easy and links to the various categories can be generated dynamically with tags.
Now- if you CAN’T use, say ‘author name’ as a category (and you can’t use it as the entry author)- then you’d probably need to use the query module to do a search on just the custom field that holds the author names. Though there is a third party plugin that allows you to limit the weblog tag return based on a specific field. Or- Solspace has a nice ‘keyword’ module that might work for that sort of functionality.
But short answer- it should be doable. The ‘How’ and ‘How hard’ are going to vary a bit based on the details.