After pondering this issue some more, I am wondering if the best approach might not be a variable than can be used instead of path/permalink/entry_id_path/etc in situations where hardcoding a link is necessary.
This variable could allow you to give the full URL _except_ for the entry id, category id, member id or whatever is required for the link in question. The id would then be added automatically, just as it is when you use for example path or permalink. This would seem like the most consisten approach.
Of course, for the sake of completeness, it would still be nice to have category_id to match entry_id. And the same goes for any other id types that are added automatically to certain kinds of links but which don’t currently have a corresponding variable. But maybe category_id is the only missing one?